Modern History Review Questions

Three manifestations of capital’s political control over China

• Controlling China’s internal affairs and foreign relations
• Suppressing the resisting Chinese people
• Buying off and propping up proxies

Four manifestations of capital’s economic control over China

• Controlling China’s trading ports
• Depriving China of tariff autonomy
• Dumping goods and exporting capital
• Manipulating China’s economic lifelines

Three aspects promoted by the Self-Strengthening Movement:

• Establishing modern enterprises
• Building a new-style army and navy
• Establishing new-style schools and dispatching students abroad

Three issues debated between the conservatives and the reformists

• Whether to carry out political reform
• Whether to advocate civil rights, establish a parliament, and implement constitutional monarchy
• Whether to abolish the eight-legged essay, reform the imperial examination, and promote Western learning

What is the Three Principles of the People?

• Principle of People’s Livelihood
• Democracy
• Principle of People’s Rights

Three subjective reasons for the failure of the Xinhai Revolution

• It did not put forward a thorough revolutionary program against imperialism and feudalism; although it had anti-imperialist slogans, it fantasized about compromise and abdication in exchange for imperialist recognition and support of the Chinese revolution
• It failed to fully mobilize and rely on the masses
• It failed to build a revolutionary party with a strong core that united all revolutionary forces

Three historical conditions for the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement

• New social forces grew stronger, and China’s capitalism developed rapidly after World War I
• The New Culture Movement set off a wave of intellectual emancipation
• The influence of the October Revolution in Russia

Why is the founding of the Chinese Communist Party said to be a historical necessity?

• It is the inevitable product of China’s modern and contemporary history
• It is the inevitable product of the Chinese people’s struggle for national salvation
• It is the inevitable product of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

Three major uprisings of 1927

• Nanchang Uprising
• Autumn Harvest Uprising
• Guangzhou Uprising

What is the Long March Spirit?

• The spirit of placing the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the nation above all else, holding firm revolutionary ideals and convictions, and firmly believing that the just cause will prevail
• The spirit of fearing no hardship and sparing no sacrifice to save the country
• The spirit of upholding independence and self-reliance, seeking truth from facts, and proceeding from reality in everything
• The spirit of keeping the overall situation in mind, strictly observing discipline, and uniting as one
• The spirit of relying closely on the masses, sharing life and death with them, standing together through hardships, and working diligently

Three manifestations of Japan’s brutal rule over China during the War of Resistance Against Japan

• Carrying out brutal massacres
• Rampantly plundering resources and wealth
• Forcibly promoting enslavement education and destroying Chinese culture

Summary of the three fine styles of the long-term struggle at the Seventh National Congress of the CPC

• The style of combining theory with practice
• The style of maintaining close ties with the masses
• The style of self-criticism

The significance of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan

• It was the historical turning point at which the Chinese nation, having fallen into crisis since modern times, moved toward great rejuvenation
• It shattered Japan’s plot to enslave China
• It promoted the great unity of the Chinese nation and forged the great spirit of the War of Resistance
• It had a major impact on the victory of the world anti-fascist war and the maintenance of world peace
• It strengthened the will of the Chinese people to pursue national independence, freedom, and liberation